Monday, October 7, 2019

How Healthy is your language / Mother Tongue

Healthy/strong - All generations use language in variety of settings          
               
sl No      Healthy/strong languages
1              Assamese
2              Bengali (Bangla)
3              Bodo
4              Gujarati
5              Hindustani(Hindi/Urdu)
6              Kannada
7              Kashmiri
8              Malayalam
9              Meitei/Manipuri
10            Marathi
11            Nepali
12            Odia
13            Santali
14            Tamil
15            Telugu
               
               
Weakening/sick - spoken by older people; not fully used in younger generations
               
sl No      Weakening/sicklanguages
1              Badaga/Baduga/Badagu
2              Beary
3              Bhojpuri (Gawari, Sadan/Sadri, Nagpuria)
4              Braj Basha (Bundeli, Bagheli, Kadiboli)
5              Chhattisgarhi ( Surgujia)
6              Dimasa
7              Dogri
8              Garhwali
9              Gondi
10            Haryanvi (Ahirwati)
11            Karbi
12            Kodava
13            Kokborok/Tripuri
14            Konkani (Malvani, Sangameshwari, Koli, Agri)
15            Kumauni
16            Kutchi
17            Ladakhi
18            Lepcha
19            Limbu
20            Magadhi/Magahi (Khortha/Khotta/Kortha)
21            Maithili (Angika, Bajjika)
22            Mizo
23            Pahari/Himachali (Kangri, Mandeali, Chambeali, Jaunsari,  Kullui,  Hinduri, Mahasuvi, Sirmauri)
24            Punjabi 
25            Rajasthani (Marwari, Mewari, Mewati, Dhundari, Wagari/Vagari,      Shekhawati, Harauti, Malvi, Nimadi, Bagri, Banjari/Lamani/Lambadi/Lambani/Gor/Sugali, Dhatki
26           Rajbongshi (Kamtapuri, surjapuri,  Dutta, Rajbangsi, Rajbansi, Rajbanshi, Goalparia, Koch                 Rajbanshi, Tajpuri, Kochrajbongshi, Goalpariya/Deshi bhasha/ Uzani, Rangpuri, Bahe Bangla, Ancholit Bangla, Kamta, Polia.
27           Sindhi
28           Tulu
29           Awadhi (Kanauji)
               
               
Vulnerable - most children speak the language, but it may be restricted to certain domains (e.g., home) 
               
sl No.     Vulnerable Languages
1             Adi language
2             Anal language
3             Angami language
4             Ao language
5             Apatani language
6             Balti language
7             Bangni language
8             Bhumji language
9             Bishnupriya Manipuri language
10           Bokar language
11           Chang language
12           Chokri language
13           Galo language
14           Gutob language
15           Hmar language
16           Ho language
17           Hrangkhol language
18           Irula language
19           Kabui language
20           Khampti language
21           Kharia language
22           Kheza language
23           Khiamngan language
24           Khoirao language
25           Koda language
26           Konyak language
27           Korku language
28           Korwa language
29           Kui language
30           Kurukh /Oroan / Kurux  language
31           Lhota language
32           Liangmai language
33           Manchad language
34           Mao language
35           Maram language
36           Maring language
37           Miju language
38           Minyong language
39           Mundari language
40           Mzieme language
41           Nocte language
42           Nruanghmei language
43           Nyishi language
44           Padam language
45           Padri language
46           Paite language
47           Phom language
48           Pochuri language
49           Purik language
50           Rabha language
51           Rengma language
52           Rongpo language
53           Sangtam language
54           Sherdukpen language
55           Sherpa language
56           Simi language
57           Sora language
58           Spiti language
59           Tagin language
60           Tamang language
61           Tangkhul language
62           Tangsa language
63           Taruang language
64           Tawang language
65           Thado language
66           Tshangla language
67           Wancho language
68           Yimchungru language
69           Zeme language
               
               
               
Definitely endangered - children no longer learn the language as a 'mother tongue' in the home or only a few speakers (non-children) remain; no longer used as native language by children      
               
sl. No     Definitely endangered
1              Asur language
2              Bawm language
3              Beechistani language
4              Bhadravahi language
5              Bhalesi language
6              Bharmauri language
7              Biete language
8              Bori language
9              Brokshat language
10            Bunan language
11            Byangsi language
12            Churahi language
13            Dakpa language
14            Darma language
15            Deori language
16            Gangte language
17            Gorum language
18            Hill Miri language
19            Hruso language
20            Idu language
21            Jad language
22            Jangshung language
23            Juang language
24            Kachari language
25            Kanashi language
26            Khamba language
27            Khasali language
28            Khowa language
29            Koch language
30            Kolami language
31            Kom language
32            Konda language
33            Koro language
34            Kului language
35            Kundal Shahi language
36            Kurru language
37            Kuvi language
38            Lishpa language            
39            Malto language
40            Mara language
41            Miji language
42            Milang language
43            Mising language
44            Motuo Menba language
43            Moyon language
44            Nahali language
45            Pasi dialect of Adi
46            Singpho language
47            Sulung language
48            Tinan language
49            Tiwa language
50            Turi language
51            Zakhring language
52            Zangskari language
               
               
               
Severely endangered - language is spoken by grandparents and older generations; while the parent generation may understand it, they do not speak it to children or among themselves       
               
               
Sl. No    Severely endangered
1              A'tong language
2              Aiton language
3              Geta? language
4              Mech language
5              Remo language
6              Tai Phake language
               
               
               
Critically endangered - the youngest speakers are grandparents and older, and they speak the language partially and infrequently      
               
Sl. No.   Critically endangered
1              Aimol language
2              Baghati language
3              Bangani language
4              Bellari language
5              Birhor language
6              Gadaba language
7              Jarawa language  
8              Kinnauri language
9              Koireng language
10            Koraga language
11            Kota language
12            Kuruba language
13            Lamgang language
14            Lamongse language
15            Langrong language
16            Luro language
17            Manda language
18            Mra language
19            Muot language
20            Na language
21            Naiki language
22            Nihali language
23            Onge language
24            Pangvali language
25            Parji language
26            Pengo language
27            Pu language
28            Purum language
29            Ruga language
30            Sanenyo language
31            Sentinelese language
32            Shompen language
33            Sirmaudi language
34            Tai Nora language
35            Tai Rong language
36            Takahanyilang language
37            Tangam language
38            Tarao language
39            Toda language
40            Toto language
               
               
 Dead but Reviving - no longer spoken as a native language  but trying to revive.
                 
Sl. No.   Extinct Languages but reviving.
1              Prakrit
2              Pali
3.             Sanskrit
               
               
Extinct  - there are no speakers left or  no longer spoken or potentially spoken   
               
Sl. No.   Extinct Languages
1              Ahom
2              Akar – Bale
3              Aka-Bea
4              Aka – Bo
5              Aka-Cari
6              Aka-Jeru
7              Aka-Kede
8              Aka-Kol
9              Aka-Kora
10            Andro
11            Malaryan
12            Oko-Juwoi
13            Pali
14            Rangkas
15            Sengmai
16            Turung





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8 comments:

  1. AlistairOctober 22, 2019 at 10:30 PM

    Do mention creole languages as well please.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Vishal KodialMarch 25, 2020 at 5:22 AM

      can you send us the list .

      Delete
    2. AlistairDecember 23, 2020 at 4:28 AM

      Nagamese Creole, based on Assamese, used in Nagaland, India
      Andaman Creole Hindi
      Korlai Creole Portuguese (Korlai village - Raigad District, Maharashtra)
      Bengali Portuguese.(extinct?)
      Cannanore Indo-Portuguese (severely endangered)
      Cochin Indo-Portuguese (almost extinct)
      Daman and Diu Portuguese
      Sources - https://www.ethnologue.com/subgroups/creole
      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Portuguese_creoles

      Delete
    3. Vishal KodialJuly 1, 2024 at 11:00 PM

      Thank you 🙏

      Delete
  2. Sonal SinhaNovember 7, 2019 at 8:55 AM

    Please modify in extinct language section, Mattur (or Mathur) is a village in Shimoga district near the city of Shivamogga in Karnataka state . India, known for the usage of Sanskrit for day-to-day communication. However Sanskrit is being taught and spoken in daily life in my universities too. So how its extinct!

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Vishal KodialMarch 25, 2020 at 5:24 AM

      I have been to mattur, there people speak sanketi language even though state language is Karnataka and not they don't speak sanksrit. they all know to speak it but they don't converse at household

      Delete
    2. TomsOctober 13, 2020 at 12:23 AM

      Yes you are right Vishal!!

      Delete
  3. TJ MagsakayJanuary 4, 2024 at 3:34 AM

    Rajinikanth is a Telugu who acted in Tamil, Kannada, Malayalam, etc. films and even Davendranath Jayakumar of Tamil Nadu who will be next CM also understood Kannada, Malayalam, Odia, Punjabi, etc languages aside from Thamizh itself. Harnaaz Sandhu is of Tamil ancestry who learned Kannada, Malayalam, Telugu, Odia, Punjabi, Marathi, etc. languages and born in Tamil Nadu. And Davidranath Balakrishnan of the CPI-M party in Tamil Nadu also learned Kashmiri, etc from other Northern Indians and Southern Indians and Central, Eastern, and Western Indians but in Northeast India he is considered an alien. Tamil Nadu CM MK Stalin almost learned Urdu, Punjabi, etc. languages from neighboring Pakistan.

    ReplyDelete

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