Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Loosing Linguistic Identity in Delhi

Loosing Our Identity :

 

Recently I travelled to Delhi and by chance the day I reached, got an invite from my friend to attend Karnataka food mela, I was so happy to be part of it. Soon I got ready and travelled 25 kms to reach the venue. We could see a big board written Karnataka Sangha Delhi and took pictures of it and posted all over social media about Karnataka’s pride in national capital and  that too in Hindi speaking region.

We tasted some authentic Karnataka cuisine and  got a chance to meet and speak in North Karnataka Kannada dialect, Tulu and even in Konkani. It all just made my day. As I was passing by I heard baby crying “mom its spicy… too spicy … “ suddenly one more child asks in Hindi “Mamma Spicy ko Kannada main Kya Bolte Hai” (Mom what you call spicy in Kannada) that time I realised none of younger generation speaks in Kannada or Tulu or Konkani. They all know only Hindi and English. It was a big shock to me.

 

These parents don’t talk to their kids in their mother tongue because they think it's useless. To them international and so called National languages give their children a competitive edge and that's all that matters. I have even heard a few teachers advise parents to stop using their mother tongue at home to help their kids improve their performance at school.

 

I just felt, thanks to my mom today I can fluently read, write and speak in my mother tongue Konkani.

After all, language is the key to our culture and our roots. When children learn their mother tongue, they also learn more about where they came from and what their culture stands for.

One of the major challenges we face as parents living away from home is giving our kids access to the rich cultural heritage of our region, state or country. Many of us emigrate from our homes out of necessity -- better job opportunities, better lifestyle, better education for the kids. While we are busy making a living abroad or outside their linguistic territory, we forget the fact that our kids are growing up in a foreign land. There are so many things they do not learn. While many of us parents try our level best to inculcate our traditions and heritage in our children, others do not think that doing so is necessary.

Learning multiple languages has been proven to boost brain power... if that language happens to be their mother tongue, so much the better.

In fact, this advice was even doled out to the parents of a toddler who was going to play school. There's no doubt that this child would have learned English over time in school. But what about the mother tongue?

Here are some reasons why many parents don't speak to their kids in their mother tongue:

·         They think it will not do them any good in academics or in their work life later.

·         Some parents have a sense of inferiority about their cultural roots and don't want their child to learn a language they themselves see as being somehow "less than".

·         Some of them think it can help them learn English or Hindi at a very early age.

·         They simply do not see the point in teaching their mother tongue to their kids.

I beg to differ.

·         Your kids, especially when they are growing up other places will have every opportunity to pick up other  languages. They'll have that much sought-after competitive advantage and the necessary communication skills to thrive in their current environment. But there are also so many advantages to learning their mother tongue as well. They'll have a sense of rootedness and guess what, learning multiple languages, has been proven to boost brain power And if one of those languages happens to be their mother tongue, so much the better

Monday, October 7, 2019

How Healthy is your language / Mother Tongue

Healthy/strong - All generations use language in variety of settings          
               
sl No      Healthy/strong languages
1              Assamese
2              Bengali (Bangla)
3              Bodo
4              Gujarati
5              Hindustani(Hindi/Urdu)
6              Kannada
7              Kashmiri
8              Malayalam
9              Meitei/Manipuri
10            Marathi
11            Nepali
12            Odia
13            Santali
14            Tamil
15            Telugu
               
               
Weakening/sick - spoken by older people; not fully used in younger generations
               
sl No      Weakening/sicklanguages
1              Badaga/Baduga/Badagu
2              Beary
3              Bhojpuri (Gawari, Sadan/Sadri, Nagpuria)
4              Braj Basha (Bundeli, Bagheli, Kadiboli)
5              Chhattisgarhi ( Surgujia)
6              Dimasa
7              Dogri
8              Garhwali
9              Gondi
10            Haryanvi (Ahirwati)
11            Karbi
12            Kodava
13            Kokborok/Tripuri
14            Konkani (Malvani, Sangameshwari, Koli, Agri)
15            Kumauni
16            Kutchi
17            Ladakhi
18            Lepcha
19            Limbu
20            Magadhi/Magahi (Khortha/Khotta/Kortha)
21            Maithili (Angika, Bajjika)
22            Mizo
23            Pahari/Himachali (Kangri, Mandeali, Chambeali, Jaunsari,  Kullui,  Hinduri, Mahasuvi, Sirmauri)
24            Punjabi 
25            Rajasthani (Marwari, Mewari, Mewati, Dhundari, Wagari/Vagari,      Shekhawati, Harauti, Malvi, Nimadi, Bagri, Banjari/Lamani/Lambadi/Lambani/Gor/Sugali, Dhatki
26           Rajbongshi (Kamtapuri, surjapuri,  Dutta, Rajbangsi, Rajbansi, Rajbanshi, Goalparia, Koch                 Rajbanshi, Tajpuri, Kochrajbongshi, Goalpariya/Deshi bhasha/ Uzani, Rangpuri, Bahe Bangla, Ancholit Bangla, Kamta, Polia.
27           Sindhi
28           Tulu
29           Awadhi (Kanauji)
               
               
Vulnerable - most children speak the language, but it may be restricted to certain domains (e.g., home) 
               
sl No.     Vulnerable Languages
1             Adi language
2             Anal language
3             Angami language
4             Ao language
5             Apatani language
6             Balti language
7             Bangni language
8             Bhumji language
9             Bishnupriya Manipuri language
10           Bokar language
11           Chang language
12           Chokri language
13           Galo language
14           Gutob language
15           Hmar language
16           Ho language
17           Hrangkhol language
18           Irula language
19           Kabui language
20           Khampti language
21           Kharia language
22           Kheza language
23           Khiamngan language
24           Khoirao language
25           Koda language
26           Konyak language
27           Korku language
28           Korwa language
29           Kui language
30           Kurukh /Oroan / Kurux  language
31           Lhota language
32           Liangmai language
33           Manchad language
34           Mao language
35           Maram language
36           Maring language
37           Miju language
38           Minyong language
39           Mundari language
40           Mzieme language
41           Nocte language
42           Nruanghmei language
43           Nyishi language
44           Padam language
45           Padri language
46           Paite language
47           Phom language
48           Pochuri language
49           Purik language
50           Rabha language
51           Rengma language
52           Rongpo language
53           Sangtam language
54           Sherdukpen language
55           Sherpa language
56           Simi language
57           Sora language
58           Spiti language
59           Tagin language
60           Tamang language
61           Tangkhul language
62           Tangsa language
63           Taruang language
64           Tawang language
65           Thado language
66           Tshangla language
67           Wancho language
68           Yimchungru language
69           Zeme language
               
               
               
Definitely endangered - children no longer learn the language as a 'mother tongue' in the home or only a few speakers (non-children) remain; no longer used as native language by children      
               
sl. No     Definitely endangered
1              Asur language
2              Bawm language
3              Beechistani language
4              Bhadravahi language
5              Bhalesi language
6              Bharmauri language
7              Biete language
8              Bori language
9              Brokshat language
10            Bunan language
11            Byangsi language
12            Churahi language
13            Dakpa language
14            Darma language
15            Deori language
16            Gangte language
17            Gorum language
18            Hill Miri language
19            Hruso language
20            Idu language
21            Jad language
22            Jangshung language
23            Juang language
24            Kachari language
25            Kanashi language
26            Khamba language
27            Khasali language
28            Khowa language
29            Koch language
30            Kolami language
31            Kom language
32            Konda language
33            Koro language
34            Kului language
35            Kundal Shahi language
36            Kurru language
37            Kuvi language
38            Lishpa language            
39            Malto language
40            Mara language
41            Miji language
42            Milang language
43            Mising language
44            Motuo Menba language
43            Moyon language
44            Nahali language
45            Pasi dialect of Adi
46            Singpho language
47            Sulung language
48            Tinan language
49            Tiwa language
50            Turi language
51            Zakhring language
52            Zangskari language
               
               
               
Severely endangered - language is spoken by grandparents and older generations; while the parent generation may understand it, they do not speak it to children or among themselves       
               
               
Sl. No    Severely endangered
1              A'tong language
2              Aiton language
3              Geta? language
4              Mech language
5              Remo language
6              Tai Phake language
               
               
               
Critically endangered - the youngest speakers are grandparents and older, and they speak the language partially and infrequently      
               
Sl. No.   Critically endangered
1              Aimol language
2              Baghati language
3              Bangani language
4              Bellari language
5              Birhor language
6              Gadaba language
7              Jarawa language  
8              Kinnauri language
9              Koireng language
10            Koraga language
11            Kota language
12            Kuruba language
13            Lamgang language
14            Lamongse language
15            Langrong language
16            Luro language
17            Manda language
18            Mra language
19            Muot language
20            Na language
21            Naiki language
22            Nihali language
23            Onge language
24            Pangvali language
25            Parji language
26            Pengo language
27            Pu language
28            Purum language
29            Ruga language
30            Sanenyo language
31            Sentinelese language
32            Shompen language
33            Sirmaudi language
34            Tai Nora language
35            Tai Rong language
36            Takahanyilang language
37            Tangam language
38            Tarao language
39            Toda language
40            Toto language
               
               
 Dead but Reviving - no longer spoken as a native language  but trying to revive.
                 
Sl. No.   Extinct Languages but reviving.
1              Prakrit
2              Pali
3.             Sanskrit
               
               
Extinct  - there are no speakers left or  no longer spoken or potentially spoken   
               
Sl. No.   Extinct Languages
1              Ahom
2              Akar – Bale
3              Aka-Bea
4              Aka – Bo
5              Aka-Cari
6              Aka-Jeru
7              Aka-Kede
8              Aka-Kol
9              Aka-Kora
10            Andro
11            Malaryan
12            Oko-Juwoi
13            Pali
14            Rangkas
15            Sengmai
16            Turung





Wednesday, February 13, 2019

Language of India - Region/State Wise



Major languages of India 

  1. Assamese – Assam
  2. Awadhi – Awadh (Uttar Pradesh)
  3. Badugu(Badaga) – Baduga Naadu  Nilgiris (Tamil Nadu)
  4. Bagheli – Bagelkhand (Madhya Pradesh)
  5. Bagri – Jangladesh (Rajasthan)
  6. Balti – Baltistan (Jammu & Kashmir)
  7. Bengali – Bengal
  8. Bhojpuri – Bhojpuranchal / Purvanchal (Bihar & Uttar Pradesh)
  9. Bodo - Bodoland (Assam)
  10. Braj Bhasha – Braj Pradesh (Uttar Pradesh)
  11. Bundeli – Bundelkhand (Uttar Pradesh & Madhya Pradesh)
  12. Chhattisgarhi – Chhattisgarh
  13. Dimasa – Dimasaland (Assam)
  14. Dogri – Jammu/Dogra Desh (Jammu & Kashmir)
  15. Garhwali – Garhwal (Uttarakhand)
  16. Garo – Garo Hills (Meghalaya)
  17. Gujarati - Gujarat
  18. Haryanvi – Haryana ( Aihirwati)
  19. Hindi – Rohilkhand / Harit Pradesh (Uttar Pradesh)
  20. Himachali – Himachal ( Bilaspuri, Chambeali, Hinduri, Kangri, Churahi, Mandeali, Bhattiyali, Pangwali, Sirmauri, Kullu, Mahasu)
  21. Hindko – Hindo Community
  22. Jaintia - Jaintia Hills (Meghalaya)
  23. Kutchi – Kutch (Gujarat)
  24. Kannada – Karnataka
  25. Karbi - Karbi Angalong (Assam)
  26. Kashmiri – Kashmir (Jammu & Kashmir)
  27. Khandesi (Ahirani) – Khandesh (Maharashtra)
  28. Khasi – Khasi Hills (Meghalaya)
  29. Kodava – Kodagu/Kodava Naadh (Karnataka)
  30. Kok Borok (Tripuri) – Tripura
  31. Konkani – Konkan (Goa, Maharashtra, Karnataka)
  32. Kota – Nilgiris (Tamil Nadu)
  33. Kumauni – Kumaun (Uttarakhand)
  34. Kurux / Oroan - Jharkhand
  35. Ladakhi – Ladakh (Jammu & Kashmir)
  36. Lepcha – Sikkim
  37. Limbu – Sikkim
  38. Magahi – Magadh (Bihar)
  39. Mahl - Lakshadweep
  40. Maithili (Angika, Bazika) – Mithlanchal (Bihar & Jharkhand)
  41. Malayalam - Kerala
  42. Malvi – Malva (Madhya Pradesh)
  43. Marathi - Maharashtra
  44. Meitei/Manipuri – Manipur
  45. Mizo – Mizoram
  46. Munda/Mundari – Jharkhand
  47. Nepali / Garhwali - Sikkim & Gorkhaland (Bengal)
  48. Nimari – Nimar (Madhya Pradesh)
  49. Nicobarese - Car,Central,Southern (Andaman and Nicobar Islands)
  50. Odia - Odisha
  51. Pahari – Himachal
  52. Potwari – Potwari Community
  53. Punjabi - Punjab
  54. Purgi - Kargil
  55. Rajasthani – Rajasthan (Marwadi, Mewadi, Godwadi, wagdi, Shekhawati, Bagdi, Dhundadi, Hadouti, Mewati,  Banjari/Lambani/Lambadi/Gor/Sugali, Dhatki)
  56. Rajbangsi – Kamatapur / Kooch Behar (Bengal)
  57. Santali – Jharkhand
  58. Seraiki – Seraiki Community
  59. Shina – Jammu & Kashmir
  60. Sindhi - Sindhi Community
  61. Sikkimese(Bhutia) – Sikkim
  62. Tamil – Tamil Nadu
  63. Telugu – Andhra Pradesh & Telangana
  64. Toda – Nilgiris (Tamil Nadu)
  65. Tulu – Tulunad (Karnataka & Kerala)
  66. Wagri – Wagar (Rajasthan)
  67. Zangskari – Jammu & Kashmir
  68. Sanskrit - Religious Language
  69. Urdu – Muslim Community Throughout India

Other Languages of India

Jammu and kashmir
1. Bhadrawahi
2. Bateri
3. Brokskat
4. Changthang
5. Gujari
6. Khowar

Himachal Pradesh

  1. Chinali
  2. Mugom
  3. Gaddi
  4. Gahri
  5. Jangshung
  6. Kanashi
  7. Kinnauri (Bhoti,Chitkuli,Harijan)
  8. Lohar, (Gade, Lahul)
  9. Tukpa
  10. Pattani
  11. Shumcho
  12. Spiti Bhoti
  13. Sunam
  14. Tinani
  15. Stod Bhoti

Punjab
1. Sansi

Haryana
1. Bazigar

Uttar Pradesh
1. Kanauji
2. Tharu, (Chitwania,Dangaura,Kathoriya,Kochila,Rana)

Uttarakhand
1. Buksa
2. Byangsi
3. Chaudangsi
4. Darmiya
5. Jad
6. Rawat
7. Rongpo
8. Jaunsari

Madhya Pradesh
1. Aariya
2. Agariya
3. Bharia
4. Bhatola
5. Bhunjia
6. Chamari
7. Gowli
8. Halbi
9. Holiya
10. Kamar
11. Khirwar
12. Korku
13. Mina
14. Nagarchal
15. Pao
16. Powari
17. Gondi (Maria, Muria)
18. Nahali

Bhili Region
1. Bhilali
2. Dhodia
3. Gamit
4. Garasia, (Adiwasi,Garasia, Rajput)
5. Mawchi
6. Pardhi
7. Vasavi
8. Bauria

Chhattisgarh
1. Dhanwar
2. Duruwa
3. Majhwar
4. Nahari
5. Kodaku

Rajasthan
1. Bhili

Gujarat
1. Chodri
2. Dhanki
3. Dubli
4. Dungra Bhil
5. Rathawi

Maharashtra
1. Andh
2. Bareli, (Palya,Pauri,Rathwi)
3. Bhalay
4. Gowlan
5. Maria,
6. Dandami
7. Nahali
8. Noiri

Goa / Konkan Region
1. Koli, (Kachi,Wadiyara)
2. Phugadi
3. Samvedi
4. Katkari
5. Varli
6. Kukna

7. Agri

Andhra Pradesh/Telangana
1. Chenchu
2. Bhatri
3. Kanjari
4. Kupia
5. Manna-Dora
6. Mukha-Dora
7. Pardhan
8. Reli
9. Waddar

Araku Valley
1. Gadaba, (Mudhili, Pottangi Ollar)
2. Koya
3. Konda-Dora
4. Kolami, (Northwestern,Southeastern)
5. Savara

Karnataka
1. Bellari
2. Koraga, (Korra, Mudu)
3. Kurumba, (Alu,Attapady,Betta,Jennu,Mullu)
4. Sholiga,
5. Ravula
6. Kudiya
7. Byari

Tamil nadu
1. Irula
2. Vaagri Boli
3. Yerukula
4. Kaikadi

Kerala
1. Allar
2. Aranadan
3. Kadar
4. Kanikkaran
5. Kurichiya
6. Malankuravan
7. Malaryan
8. Malapandaram
9. Malavedan
10. Mannan
11. Muthuvan
12. Paliyan
13. Paniya
14. Ullatan
15. Urali
16. Vishavan
17. Chetti, Wayanad
18. Eravallan
19. Kalanadi
20. Kumbaran
21. Kunduvadi
22. Mala Malasar
23. Malasar
24. Muduga
25. Pathiya
26. Thachanadan

Bihar
1. Degaru
2. Domari
3. Kudmali

Jharkhand
1. Surjapuri
2. Sadan/Sadri
3. Mundari
4. Panchpargania
5. Sauria Paharia
6. Ho
7. Asuri
8. Bijori
9. Birhor
10. Kharia
11. Kharia Thar
12. Korwa
13. Kumarbhag Paharia
14. Mahali
15. Turi
16. Khorth/Khotta
17. Nagpuria

Bengal
1. Dhimal
2. Koda
3. Lhomi
4. Mal Paharia
5. Mru
6. Kamta

Odisha
1. Bondo
2. Gata'
3. Juang
4. Kui
5. Kuvi
6. Lodhi
7. Mirgan
8. Desiya
9. Parenga
10. Pengo
11. Sora
12. Juray
13. Manda

Sikkim
1. Gurung
2. Tamang
3. Toto
4. Tibetan
5. Sherpa
6. Dzongkha
7. Groma
8. Khaling
9. Kulung
10. Magar
11. Majhi
12. Newar
13. Thulung
14. Yakha
15. Thangmi

 

Arunanchal
1. Bugun
2. Hruso
3. Digaro-Mishmi
4. Idu-Mishmi
5. Khamba
6. Lisu
7. Miju-Mishmi
8. Na
9. Nefamese
10. Sulung
11. Tshangla
12. Zakhring
13. Adi
14. Monpa, (Kalaktang,Tawang)
15. Nisi
16. Chug
17. Lish
18. Miji
19. Rawang
20. Sartang

Assam
1. Aiton
2. Amri Karbi
3. Apatani
4. A'tong
5. Bishnupriya
6. Deori
7. Hmar
8. Kachari
9. Khamti
10. Khamyang
11. Miri
12. Kurmukar
13. Phake
14. Rabha
15. Riang
16. Sakachep
17. Sherdukpen
18. Singpho
19. Sylheti

Meghalaya
1. Biete
2. Koch
3. Hajong
4. Ruga
5. Lyngngam
6. War
7. Pnar

Nagaland
1. Naga, Angami
2. Naga, Ao
3. Naga, Chang
4. Naga, Chokri
5. Naga, Chothe
6. Naga, Inpui
7. Naga, Kharam
8. Naga, Khezha
9. Naga, Khiamniungan
10. Naga, Khoibu
11. Naga, Konyak
12. Naga, Liangmai
13. Naga, Lotha
14. Naga, Makuri
15. Naga, Mao
16. Naga, Maram
17. Naga, Maring
18. Naga, Monsang
19. Naga, Moyon
20. Naga, Mzieme
21. Naga, Nocte
22. Naga Pidgin
23. Naga, Phom
24. Naga, Pochuri
25. Naga, Poumei
26. Naga, Puimei
27. Naga, Purum
28. Naga, Rongmei
29. Naga, Sangtam
30. Naga, Rengma
31. Naga, Sumi
32. Naga, Tangkhul
33. Naga, Tarao
34. Naga, Tase
35. Naga, Thangal
36. Naga, Tutsa
37. Naga, Wancho
38. Naga, Yimchungru
39. Naga, Zeme

Manipur
1. Aimol
2. Anal
3. Chiru
4. Gangte
5. Hrangkhol
6. Koireng
7. Kom
8. Lamkang
9. Simte
10. Vaiphei
11. Zou

Mizoram
1. Chakma
2. Chin, (Bawm,Falam,Haka,Khumi),
3. Chin, (Mara,Matu,Paite,Tedim,Thado)
4. Pankhu
5. Ralte
6. Shendu
7. Zyphe
8. Marma

Tripura
1. Darlong
2. Ranglong

Andaman & Nicobar
1. Chaura
2. Jarawa
3. Öñge
4. Sentinel
5. Shom Peng
6. Teressa

Lakshadeep
1. Maldivian

Extinct
1. Ahom
2. Akar-
3. Oko-Juwoi
4. Pali
5. Rangkas
6. Turung
7. A-Pucikwar
8. Sengmai
9. Andro
10. Aka-Bea
11. Aka- Bo
12. Aka-Cari
13. Aka-Jeru
14. Aka-Kede
15. Aka-Kol
16. Aka-Kora
17. Aka-Bale

Tuesday, November 8, 2016

Unexplored Tribal Sarees



The traditional sari is a thing of wonder. It showcases the skills of handloom workers -- its weave and fabric indicating its geographic region. There is no such thing as the Indian sari: it is a collection of beautiful fabrics and textiles across different Indian states, each of which have their unique way of draping the six yard.

In the North-East, Assam is a major sari-producing centre. But the Assamese sari, though it's called a sari, is actually a two-piece garment," said Shilpa Sharma, co-founder of jaypore.com, a website that features artisanal craftswork all across India, and specialises in saris. "Punjab and Haryana don't have much of a sari-wearing history (their staple outfit is kurta with a salwar and dupatta, and a top with a long skirt respectively), but the former state has now started producing phulkari saris," she added, also revealing that Kashmir has now started reviving pashmina saris.
Karnataka Bhootheyara

  • Worn by: Nomadic ceremonial performer Area: Bidar and Gulbarga districtLength: 8 yd/ 7.36 m How to drape: Divide sari into half and take around waist. Knot tightly at centre front waist. Take both loose end between the legs front to back, and tuck in at centre back at least 10-12 inch. Bring both loose ends back to front. Hold both ends with either hand. Knot them together at centre of front waist. Bring left loose end around waist anti-clockwise. Tie knot at right waist with both ends. Separate drape may be taken over left shoulder and tucked in at right waist.
  • Goa Dhangad

    Worn by: Shepherd Community Area: North Goa Length: 9 yd/ 8.30 m How to drape: Take inner end-piece and double-fold it to arm’s length. Wrap double-folded piece around waist clockwise. Tie at right of waist. Take outer end-piece over left shoulder up to thigh length. Hold loose portion of sari in front. Make a single fold. Pleat folded portion from left to right. Continue pleating. Hold gathered pleats in front and tuck into centre waist. Lift pleats with right hand and hold loose end in left hand. Similarly, right pleats with left hand and pick up loose end over right leg. Hold them with both hands. Tuck into centre front waist. Collect centre pleats with both hands. Bring gathered pleats to back between legs. Tuck into centre back at least 10-12 inches, spreading borders o either side to form a perfect ‘v’ shape. Lift outer end-piece from back. Throw over left shoulder. Bring outer end-piece around waist anticlockwise to tuck in at left waist.
  • Gujarat Parsi

    Worn by: Urban mercantile community Area: Saurashtra, Gujarat Length: 5.7 yd/ 5.30 m How to drape: Take inner end of sari, wrap it around waist anticlockwise, and tuck into petticoat at right waist. Bring outer end-piece around waist anticlockwise and hold with right hand. Throw outer inner-piece over right shoulder from back leaving right end forming a ‘v’ below knee. Make pleats of remaining loose portion of sari. Tuck into centre front waist leaving some portions free at left waist. Hold outer end-piece in place with brooch on right shoulder.
  • Madhya Pradesh Balaghat

    Worn by: Mara community Area: South Madhya Pradesh Length: 9 yd/ 8.36 mHow to drape: Take inner end-piece and fold over into triangle at waist. Take free ends of triangle at either side of waist. Tie knot over triangle at centre front waist. Bring outer end-piece over head left to right. Tuck left corner of outer end-piece at left back waist. Make pleats from right to left. Leaving two to three pleats free in left, tuck gathered pleats at centre front waist. Pick up centre point of loose pleats. Take it back between legs. Spread borders on right side of hip and tuck in. Gathered both draped border ends from back lower-end. Catch firmly and bring to front. Bring lower borders under front pleats. Fold over front pleats in triangle. Pick up front lower border. Tuck in at left and right waist, preferably one leg more visible than the other.
  • Central Chhattisgarh Style

    Worn by: Entire community Area: Central Chhattisgarh Length: 7 yd/ 6.5 m How to drape: Wrap inner end-piece around waist clockwise and tie/tuck in at right waist. Tuck in free end-piece at left waist and fold in front in ‘v’ shape. Bring left side of folded ‘v’ to back waist and tuck in. Bring free end-piece over left shoulder to right shoulder and drape in front. Pull left corner of outer end-piece to left waist. Bring left pulled corner around waist anticlockwise. Tuck pulled portion into front left waist.
  • Uttar Pradesh Seedha Pallu

    Worn by: Middle class, Urban and Rural Area: Central and Eastern U.P. Length:5.8 yd/ 5.3 m How to drape:Wrap inner end-piece around waist and tie knot at right waist. Bring outer end-piece over right shoulder till thigh-length back to front anticlockwise, and make pleats of remaining sari. Tuck the gathered pleats in at centre front waist.
  • Bihar Purnia

    Worn by: Rural community Area: Northeast Bihar Length: 5 yd/ 4.55 m How to drape: Wrap inner end-piece around waist anticlockwise and tie/tuck in at left waist. Bring free end-piece to right waist and tuck in. Bring outer end-piece under left arm, over head, and across right shoulder back to front. Bring outer end-piece around waist anticlockwise. Tuck in outer end-piece at front left waist.
  • Jharkhand Santhal Pargana

    Worn by: Majhi, kurmi and other tribes Area: Northeast Jharkhand Length: 5 yd/ 4.6 m How to drape: Wrap inner end-piece around waist clockwise. Tie knot at right waist and bring free end to left and tuck in. Bring outer end-piece, over right shoulder from back to front anticlockwise. Bring both edges of outer end-piece to centre back waist from either side and tuck in.
  • West Bengal Nadia

    Worn by: Women during special occasions -- marriages and pujas (the more modern form of sari styling has replaced this in recent years). Area: Central region of West Bengal Length: 5.7 yd/ 5.3 m How to drape: Bring inner end-piece around waist clockwise and tie knot at right waist. Bring free end-piece to left waist and tuck in. Bring free end-piece to right waist and tuck in. Throw free end of sari over right shoulder. Adjust free end-piece over head and bring to front waist under right arm. Throw over left shoulder again.
  • Orissa Kotapad

    Worn by: Tribal rural community Area: South Orissa Length: 5.7 yd/ 5.3 m How to drape: Wrap inner end of sari around waist clockwise and tie knot at right waist. Hold free end portion with left hand. Throw free end over left shoulder. Bring free end to front under right arm. Take outer end-piece around chest anticlockwise and tie knot with front upper border at right shoulder.
  • Andhra Pradesh Boggili Posi

    Worn by: Golla (shepherd community); Gudati Kapulu (agriculturist) Area:Narasannapalle, Cuddapah district, Rayalseema region, South Andhra PradeshLength: 9 yd/ 8.26 m How to drape: Bring inner end-piece around waist clockwise and tie knot at front. Bring outer end-piece around waist anticlockwise and throw over right shoulder till thigh-length. Make pleats of remaining loose portion facing right. Roll pleats outward and secure by wrapping over with innermost layer. Pick up lower borders at two extremes. Pick up lower borders at two extremes. Bring to centre back waist from either sides and tuck in.
  • Tamil Nadi Madisaru

    Worn by: Iyengar Brahmin Area: Central Tamil Nadu Length: 9 yd/ 8.3 m How to drape: Wrap inner end of sari around waist clockwise and tie knot at right waist. Lift lower border of inner end-piece and tuck in at left waist. Make five to six pleats from right free end of sari. Spread out pleats across front and tuck in. Bring free end of sari around waist anticlockwise under right arm. Gather two to three diagonal pleats from free end of sari and tuck into left waist. Take free end of sari front to back between legs. Tuck in at centre back waist up to 12 inches. Bring free end of sari around waist anticlockwise and throw over left shoulder.
  • Maharashtra Nau Vari

    Worn by: Popularly by Lavani performers, but also by other women Area: Central Maharashtra Length: 9 yd/ 8.30 m How to drape: Take inner end of sari clockwise around waist and tie knot at right waist. Holder outer end-piece and bring towards right side from back. Bring outer end-piece over left shoulder, overhead till knee length and make pleats of remaining free portion. Reverse pleats from left to right and take out inner two to three pleats. Wrap freed pleats around gathered pleats to bind them and tuck in at left waist. Roll pleats outward to desired length of sari into banana like form. Pull inner most layer of sari and turn outward over banana form, securing it firmly. Take lower border of back drape to center front waist. Bring it over banana-like form to reverse. Pick up centre point of left front pleats. Rollover and hold towards centre between legs. Pick up lower hemline with both hands. Bring them together to centre front. Hold both borders with left hand and stretch out to centre point. Pull centre point to back between legs. Tuck into centre back waist at least 9-12 inches and both border fall parallel at the back. Take loose end of lower border at back of legs. Wrap it inward to form a tight drape around leg up to calf. Wrapping must go completely around leg from outer to inner side. Tie cord holding ‘v’ formation of border above heel. Lavani performers usually wear at least ten rows of ankle bells over cord.
  • Kerala Tribal Style

    Worn by: Tribal community Area: North East Kerala, especially Wayanad and Palakad Length of upper drape: 3yd/ 2.6m Lower drape: 4.5 yd/ 4 m How to drape: Wrap inner end-piece around waist clockwise and tie knot at centre. Bring free end piece around waist anticlockwise to right front waist, leaving loose portion to left waist. Bring free end-piece across breast right to left and wrap it twice. Bring free end-piece over right shoulder back to front.

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