Kaveri Tulasankramana

Kaveri Tulasankramana is celebrated by the people of Kodagu on the 17th/18th of Oct every year. When the sun enters Tula Rasi, thirtha(holy water) springs from the kundika(small pond) and empties itself into a larger pond in Talacauvery.

Kani Pooje: On the following day Thaliyathakki Bolcha( oil lamp placed on top of rice spread on a bell metal plate) a vegetable wrapped in red silk cloth believed to be a symbol of Goddess Kavery and adorned with jewelry and flowers, 3 beetel leaves & 3 are a nuts are placed on the plate. Pooja is done by sprinkling rice on the plate. Everyone then take blessings from their elders for a whole month.

Telangana's Bathukamma

Telangana's Bathukamma: 

When the goddess returns as flowers

In the Telangana region, the festival of what is popular as ‘Dusshera’ or ‘Navaratri’ is celebrated with great pomp and splendor.  There are several ancient temples dedicated to the mother goddess.  Before we reach know about these temples and the goddess, it is important to have a general overview of the region.

The origin of the world ‘Telangana’ could be tracked to medieval times. A distortion of the word ‘Teluganamu’, meaning ‘the country of the Telugus’, ‘Tiling’ was a word used by Muslim historians. When Mohammad-Bin-Tughlaq transferred the capital from Delhi to Devagiri around 1326-1327 AD, the imperial dominions of the Deccan were divided into five provinces. ‘Tiling’ was listed as one of them.

The ‘Maasaalik- Ul-Absaar’ that gives a list of southern provinces mentions ‘Tiling’ twice. The Sultan had split the region into two independent administrative areas in 1335 AD. The eastern division had Warangal as its capital and the western had Bidar. The Tirupati epigraph of the Vijayanagara emperor Krishnadeva Raya dated 1516 AD, one can find references to his conquest of the region, which included Jallipalli, Anantagiri, Urlakonda, Nallagonda, Aruvapalli, Kandikonda and so forth. He is supposed to have performed prayers at various temples dedicated to the goddess in the region. In the Velicharla epigraph of Prataparudra Gajapati dated 1510 AD, he mentions conquering the forts of Telangana and performing rituals at the temples of the goddess. In ‘Vishnu Puranam’, a 17th century text written by Vennalakanti Soorannakavi one finds a mention of Telangana and its various festivals, again.

The Chalukyas of Badami and Kalyani as an extension of their dominions ruled the region. This was the time the famous ‘Nava Brahma Temples’ were built. Archeologists have roughly dated these to be around 6th and 7th centuries CE. By the time the Kakatiyas ruled the place, they made Hanumakonda and Warangal their main capitals. By then, the temples dedicated to the goddess worship were thriving. Across the Telangala region, goddess worship became a major reference point for the growth of the Shakta cults and the Bhakthi movement. She is worshipped as Gnana Saraswati Devi in Basara in Adilabad region, as Jogulamba in the ancient temples of Alampur, as Sammakka and Sarakka in Medaram, as Bhadrakali in Warangal, as Brahamarambika in Sri Sailam, as Kanaka Durga and Maha Lakshmi in Vemulavada in Karimnagar and so forth. Outside of Telangana region, you can find many more holy shrines dedicated to goddess worship.

However, the goddess worshipped as ‘Bathukamma’ has a fascinating set of stories. ‘Bathuku’ and ‘Amma’ literally mean ‘Mother, be alive’, as an expression.  Various folk narratives about the roots of the festival circulate till date. A folk mythology story mentions references to the famous ‘Daksha Yagnam’ episode in the Shiva Puranam. Sati and Shiva arrive unwelcome to Daksha’s penance and are insulted. As a result she sacrifices herself. The women of Telangana believe she returns, year after year, as a blessing from nature in the form of various flowers across the land. Another popular story in the region is that of a king named Dharmangada and his queen Satyavathi. After many sons, who died at war, the couple prayed to the goddess for a daughter. Pleased with their prayers goddess Lakshmi incarnated as their daughter. As a girl she survived many mishaps and was named ‘Bathukamma’. Whatever the various narratives are, it marks another occasion to worship the divine goddess. She is prayed to as another Avataar of nature, as a bestower of good health and prosperity and as a giver of strength and courage to the women folk.

The festival is exclusive to the Telangana region and is celebrated for all the nine days of Dusshera. On the moonless night of the Mahalaya Amavasya, ladies gather to make flower arrangements. Very specific flowers, with exceptional medication qualities as prescribed in Ayurveda and other ancient health manuals like Charaka Samhita, are picked and meticulously arranged on large plates made of wood or bamboo frames in an order. The main flowers used are ‘Gunugu’, ‘Thangedu’, ‘Banthi’ or marigolds, ‘Chaamanthi’ or chrysanthemums, ‘Taamara’ or the lotus, ‘Gummadi’ or Pumpkin flowers, ‘Dosakaya Puvvu’, ‘Gaddi Puvvu’ and ‘Vaama Puvvu’. These flowers are arranged in layers with a wide base, to make large pyramids or floral mountains. In ancient times, we have references to how these pyramids were made keeping certain prevalent esoteric practices of the devout Shakta cult in mind. They were simpler forms of Yantras dedicated to the goddess.

Bathukamma

The flower pyramids are called ‘Bathukamma’. She is now revered as an embodiment of the divine goddess. Once several pyramids are made, they are placed on a fresh Rangoli that the earth is decorated with. Lamps are lit around Bathukamma. Prayers are chanted, coconuts are broken and ritual fires are lit to sanctify the air around the ‘Bathukamma’. Amidst the fragrance of these flowers and incense, ladies dance around circumambulating these pyramids singing songs. “Bathukamma Bathukamma Uyyala, Bangaru Bathukamma Uyyala”, goes a famous song that roughly means “Swing to and fro with blessings, into our lives, oh golden mother goddess, in the form of Bathukamma”. 

These songs are sung from sunset till the early hours of the night. Then ‘Bathukamma’ is taken in a procession, mostly carried by women on their heads, to a nearby water body. She is immersed into the water with prayers. This ritual is followed for nine days of Dusshera. Special foods made from local agricultural produce of corn, jaggery, sesame seeds, cashew nuts, grams are prepared and offered to the goddess before partaking them among the ladies and devout. This rich festival, filled with fun, music and much celebration is one of the signature festivals of the Telangana region.

Under the Nizams of Deccan, the rulers always made sure this festival was celebrated with much communal harmony. Till date, the Bhagya Lakshmi temple at the foot of the famous Charminar in Hyderabad celebrates this festival. In times of flood with the Musa river overflowed causing much pandemonium in Hyderabad, the Nizam is said to have prayed to the goddess and floated a ‘Bathukamma’ into the river, after which is subsided to its normal course. This rich syncretic tradition of Ganga-Jamni Tehzeeb was followed for many decades.  There are numerous stories of a rich syncretic culture that the Telangana landscape is proud of. Several famous 20th century painters from the region like Sajid Bin Mohammad,Thota Vaikuntham, Kapu Rajaiah and Md Rustum have been inspired by this festival and featured it in their works. Next time you are around the Telangana region during Dusshera, take time out to witness a Bathukamma celebration when the goddess returns as flowers, to bless her devotees.

Nose Rings and Studs of India - Region wise

Nose Rings of India

In India, depending on the region and ethnicity of the women, nose piercing is done on the right, left, or even both sides of the nose. Traditionally, the Indian women wear either “phul” (nose studs) or "nath" (nose rings).

Telugu and Tamilian are the only linguistic groups who wear nose studs on right side and rest of India wears on left. Tamilians even wear on the both sides.

In Southern India Kannnadigas, Tuluvas, Badagas wear the nose studs on left and Malayalis and Kodavas doesn't have custom of nose studs or rings.

In Northern, western and Eastern India Nose rings are common and again in North eastern India nose piercing culture is not there. 

The nose stud or the nose ring has been an essential and integral part of the Indian culture and religion. The religious practice is an age-old tradition that heads back centuries and has significance even today. In the Hindu religion, wearing a Nath is not restricted. Nose rings are positively associated with the Hindu religion itself as they are worn by Hindu women more than by women of any other faith in India. The religion is a non-theistic faith that draws people who see tattoos, piercings and other physical alterations as ways of experiencing the divine.

Many girls at an early age, are mandated to get a nose piercing to sought and maintain their cultural identity by respecting and implementing traditions of the women before them 

Usually a young woman in a Hindu family would get a nose pierce upon her physical maturity as an indication that she is now eligible for marriage. It is also a way in which the elders of the household bestow worldly goods, including other pieces of jewellery, on the young girl as their daughters are the Laxmi (Goddess of Prosperity) and the lights of the homes.

Therefore, it’s not only limited to married women as in the case of a Mangal sutra. Although, many Indian women, particularly Hindus, have their noses pierced at an early age around the age of 12, which was traditionally the marriageable age. Piercings in India, including nose piercings, are one-way Hindus honour Parvathi, the goddess of marriage.

Nose piercing in Hindu tradition is not only for a fashion statement, but it also signifies more than that. It shows and pays respect for their culture, religion and ancestral practices.

Tehri Nath / Nathuli of Garhwali, Kumauni and Himachali:

Nathuli is the traditional nose ring of Uttarakhand. It is basically native to the Tehri district of Garwhal and is celebrated for its great artistic value. The big gold ring is decorated with multiple precious rubies and pearls. The size and weight of the ring as well as the number of pearls in it can vary widely, which actually signifies the status of the family of the woman wearing it. Nathuli is considered auspicious and a cherished possession of married women in that region.

Maharashtrian Nath / Guchhedar Nath:

We have seen our B-town divas many times to sport this exclusive guchhedar nath in order to complement their authentic Maharashtrian looks. Needless to say, it is the signature jewelry of the state and one of the most eminent Indian styles you can opt for. From the large cashew nut shape to the pearls, stones and beads embedded in it, each and everything contributes to its unique beauty.

Punjabi Nath :

When it comes to the most popular Indian bridal nose rings, Punjabi nath always tops the chart. The elegance and charm of the huge golden ring as well as the chain connecting it to the hair will make you fall in love with the ornament easily. The hoop may come in a variety of sizes, motifs and colors. Moreover, it is adorned with small dazzling pendants that go even all along the connecting chain

 Nathni:

Nathni is basically a lighter version of the sparkling shikarpuri nath and it is mainly popular among the women of western India, in particular Rajasthan and Gujarat. It also consists of a big golden hoop and a long delicate chain connected with it. But, the presence of pendants or gemstones in a nathni is rare.

Nathuri - Rajasthani / Gujarati :

While nathni is considered as a glorious choice for Rajasthani brides, women in that state are also found to wear another kind of nose ring called ‘nathuri’ as an everyday jewelry. The tiny ornament is made of gold or silver and embellished with a single or 2 to 3 precious or semi-precious gemstones. The design is quite simple and graceful.

Laung:

Laung is a cute petite nose stud, which has immense popularity across the whole northern region of India. The name of the jewlery has come from its shape, which resembles the common aromatic spice clove. It is mainly made of gold, while a pearl or any other precious or semi-precious gemstone is embedded in it.

Latkan : UP and MP Region

This is another distinctive nose ring concept in which the chain connecting the nose stud or pin with the hair gets more priority. It is completely a North Indian choice. The whole set of latkan comprises of a simple metallic nose pin or stud with no significant adornment and a pretty ornamental connecting chain almost identical with a charm bracelet.

Bulaq / Bullaq :

Bulaq or bullaq is a bridal nose ring style followed by women in North India. It is absolutely different from regular naths that are worn on the nostrils. Rather, it needs to be put on the central lower section of the septum or partition of our nose. The ring comes in a small pendant form of various shapes and generally, does not contain any external embellishment.

Muggutti : 

Unlike north Indian women, the women in the southern part of India prefer simplicity over vivacity when it comes to nose rings. In Karnataka, the traditional nath is named as ‘mukuthi’ or ‘mukkhutti’, which is basically a tiny light-weight nose pin designed like a lotus or swan. It is usually studded with topaz or diamond. South Indian brides are sometimes even found to wear double nose studs on both nostrils too.

Pullaku :

Pullaku is the southern version of bulaq or bullaq, which is quite common in Tamil Nadu. It is also a central nose ring that suspends freely from the division of the nose i.e. septum. However, it can also be worn along with the mukuthi, which completes the authentic South Indian bridal look.

Palakka :

Palakka jewelry is regarded as a time-honored style by women of  South India . The nose studs belonging to the palakka pattern look bright and gorgeous with beautiful red stones and precise enamel designs. It is sure to give you a chic, versatile appearance all the time

Piercing nose and adorning it with a gleaming pin, stud or ring is not only an age-old tradition in India. Rather, it has immense significance in the lifestyle of a woman. And these days, it has even become a true fashion statement. The shapes, sizes, patterns, motifs and materials of naths or nose rings vary widely based on the cultural demands of various regions of the country.

Other parts of India :

Odisha

                                                                       Kutch

Himachali / Pahari / Pahadi Language and dialects

Himachali Pahadi Scrit

The Takri alphabet is a Brahmic alphabet related to the Sharada, Landa and Gurmukhi alphabets, descended from the Devāśeṣa alphabet, which developed from the Sharada alphabet in the 14th century. The Takri alphabet emerged as a distinct script during the 16th century.

Takri was as an official script in parts of north and northwest India from the 17th century until the mid-20th century. A version of Takri was the official script of Chamba State, which is now part of Himachal Pradesh, and was used to write Chambeali. In Jammu and Kashmir a version of Takri known as Dogra Akkhar was used to write Dogri. It was offically adopted in the 1860s, and was replaced by Devanagari in 1944.

Takri was also used on postage stamps and postmarks; for translations of Sanskrit texts into Dogri; for official records, letters and decrees; in inscriptions; for translations of Christian religous texts into Chambeali; on Pahari paintings. It has also been used to write the Gaddi, Jaunsari, Kashtwari, Kulvi and Mandeali Dialects

Other names for Takri include Takari, Takkari Tankri and Ṭākarī. The origins of the name are uncertain: one theory is that it is derived from ‘ṭaṅkā (coin). Another theory suggests that the name is connected to ṭakka, the old landed class of Punjab, or that it is the alphabet of the Ṭakkas.

Since Takri fell out of use, efforts have been made to revive it for Dogri Kishtwari and Kulvi in the states of Jammu, Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh, where the local government has set up a programme to train Takri specialists in association with the Indira Gandhi National Open University.

There is considerable regional variation in the Takri alphabet with each state or region have its own version. The version below is are mainly Chambeali versions.

Himachali is dying :

Pahari. Pahari dialect is widely spoken in Himachal. In Himachal, the dialect changes every few miles.The Pahari spoken in one area can be different from other. Pahari languages were mostly written in Tankri script. This script differs slightly from area to area like Bushahr ,Chamba,Kangra,Mandi,Kullu etc all have their own style of grammar. Today there are very few people who can read and write Tankri. This is one of the dying scripts in India. Most of the ancient Himalayan literature ,technology and sciences were written in this language.

young generation in Himachal is not very much interested in Pahari Dialect. Please pardon me I am generalizing this for the whole state but I can say this is almost true about Shimla and upper Himachal area. When I was in school I was also discouraged from speaking Pahari as it was considered as the symbol of people living in villages. We were encouraged to speak Hindi and English instead of Pahari. Learning and speaking English has become status symbol these days.Most of my friends today don’t speak Pahari at home (myself included). Our dining table conversations are in English or Hindi and not our local dialects.English has become the primary language in all private schools across the state. Today I see most parents encouraging their children to speak either in English or Hindi rather than Pahari. I have seen kids having inferiority complex speaking Pahari.Do you think our future generations will enjoy the essence of Pahari if the same trend continues ?

One of the major reasons why a dialect dies is simply because people stop speaking it.When a language becomes extinct, it takes with itself an entire culture. Himachal is known for its rich culture and Heritage and I think Pahari language has major contribution in its unique culture and traditions.A language is a culture’s pride and we should teach the same to our children.

We should encourage use of Pahari at home. We should encourage our children to listen to Pahari folk songs , dance , cultural activities. Above all we should tell our children to feel proud of their native language.

Langauge : Himachali / Pahari

Branch : Saursheni Apabransh

Lipi / Script  : Tankri

Dialects of Himachali : 

Chamba District :

Dialect : Chambeali

Sub Dialects :

Bhateali – Bhattiyat

Churahi – Churah

Pangwali – Pangi

Gaddi/Bharmauri  -  Bharmour

Mandi district :

Mandeali - Mandi

Dialects :
Suketi- Sundarnagar
Bhalidi, - Baldwara
Sarkaghati - Sarkaghat

Kullu District :

Dialect : Kullui

Sub dialects :
Siraji
Seji

Kangra district :

Dialect : Kangri

Palampuri – Palampur
Shivalik

Sirmaur District :

Dialect : Sirmauri

Sub Dialect :
Dharthi(Giriwari)
Vishvahi(Giripari)

Solan District :

Dialect : Mahasuvi

Sub Dialect :
Handuri/Hinduri, 
Baghati,
Kayotali

Shimla District :

Dialects :

Kochi

Barari

Mahasui

Kayotali

Una District

Dialects : Kangri

Hamripur District

Dialects – Kangri

Bilaspur District

Dialects : Kahluri/Bhilaspuri

Kinnaur district:

Language : Kinnauri

It is spoken in Badhal Rampur Bushahr to Sangla and north along Satluj river to Morang. 

Mainly the kinnauri spreaking area is located in lower parts of district Kinnaur district

Sub Dialect :

Chitkuli - Baspa river area of the Sangla valley in Nichar subdivision in Chitkul and Rakchham villages

Sunami

Omeskand

Sangnur

Shumgo

Shumcho - Puh tahsil in Kanam, Labrang, Spilo, Shyaso, Taling, and Rushkaling villages

Jangshung -  Morang tahsil in Jangi, Lippa, and Asrang villages

Lahaul – Spiti  District

Languages : Lahuli  

Spoken in Lahaul and Timpati – Spiti

Sub Dialect :
Chagsa
Gara
Rangloi
Manchati
Gehvi

Other Major Languages of Himachal:
Hindi
Punjabi
Dogri
Gurjari
Kashmiri

Badaga / Badugu Speaking Communities

Badagas /Badugu are the people of blue mountains of Nilgiri District.

There are 9 communities which speaks Badugu language.

1. Baduga / Qwae Baduga

2. Haaruva 

3. Thoreya 

4. Adhikaari/Adhikari 

5. Kaggusi 

6. Kanakkaru

7. Odeyaru

8. Chetti (maandaadan chetti, in Gudalur area)

9. Kongaru

Vaishya / Vaishnava Community

Vaishya / Vaishnavaa are also as Baniya, Banija, Vaniya, Vani, Vania and Vanya) is an occupational community of merchants, Bankers, Money-lenders, dealers on grains and spices. In modern times numerous commercial enterprises. 

The community Names

Vaishya Vani - Konkani/Goa

Agrawal, Agarwal,  Agerwal,  Agrawala, Agarwala, Agarwalla, Aggarwal, Agarawal - Punjabi, Haryanvi, Rajasthani, Hindi

Baniya - Northern India

Banija  / Arya Vyshya /

Setty / Komati - Telugu

Chettiar / Chetty - Tamil 

Moothan - Tamil from Kerala, Pallakad

Shetty - Kannada

Nagartha or Nagarta - Kannada

Modh - Gujarati

Baranwal, Barnwal,  Burnwal,  Bernwal, Varanwal, Varnwal, Barnawal - Bhojpuri 

Gahoi - Bundeli

Kashyap' or 'Kasaudhan - Hindi speakers from Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh

Scripts / Lipis of India

 Script / Lipis of India

1. Angika - Anga Lipi
2. Bajjika - Tirhuta
3. Bhojpuri - Kaithi
4. Khortha - Tirhuta
5. Kudmali - Chis   
6. Magahi - Anga Lipi; Kaithi
7. Maithili - Tirhuta, Kaithi
8. Panchpargania - Kaithi   
9. Nagpuri - Devanagari     
10. Surjapuri - Devanagari   
11. Himachali/Pahadi - Thakri
12. Kannada - Kannada
13. Tulu - Tulu/Tigalari
14. Malayalam - Malayalam
15. Hindi - Devanagari
16. Telugu - Telugu
17. Odia- Odia
18. Tamil - Tamil
19. Konkani - Goykanadi
20. Bengali - Bengali
21. Gujarati - Gujarati
22. Assamese - Assamese
23. Kodava - Kodava
24. Badaga - Badaga 
25. Manipuri - Manipuri
26. Marathi - Modi
27. Punjabi - Gurumukhi
28. Rajasthani - Mahajani

Indian Languages are dying ?

 

We have Freedom of Speech and we have all the rights to learn and speak any language of this world.

As a linguist and language activist.  My question is - Will a language survive if we "STOP SPEAKING & CHANGE  OUR MOTHER LANGUAGE"

My 2 kannadiga friends speaks in English🚫

My kirana shop owner speaks to his wife in Tulu and to his son & daughter in kannada🚫.

My mumbai settled konkani friend speaks to me in Hindi🚫.

My best friend says i am From Bihar but i m shy😈 to speak in Bhojpuri so i prefer hindi 🚫

My jaipur friends says we have adopted hindi so we dont speak  Rajasthani with their own state people who are promoting Marwadi, Mewadi and hadoti dialects of Rajasthani 🚫

My Telugu friend speaks to his mother in Telugu, father in kannada and with his siblings in English🚫

My Garhwali friend from Uttarakhand says i lived in Delhi from many years. So my parents didn't teach me Garhwali language 🚫

My 3 Jharkhand settled Telugu, Bengali & Odia says we dont know either our mother tongue nor the local language of Jharkhand which is Santhali, Oroan, Munda etc.. what a loss of being a polyglot🚫

My marathi and punjabi relatives call themselves proud MARATHIS AND PUNJABIS but sad part is they cant utter a single word of these languages...🚫

My chattisgarhi, Braj basha, Kumouni, Pahari, Awadhi and gondi friends say their languages are dialects of Hindi. So they speak standard hindi. But if any native language speaker speaks to this guys they just go blank... if these are dialects then how come you cant understand it ?

My friend says i m from Kutch but we speak GUJRATI at home.🚫

⛔INDIAN LANGUAGES ARE DYING.

⚠️LANGUAGE IS A BRIDGE TO ANY CULTURE...

IF WE LOSE OUR LANGUAGE WE GONNA LOSE OUR CULTURE TOO...⚠️

#EndangeredlanguagesofIndia

#IndianLanguagesaredying

STEREOTYPE in Indian Society.

STEREOTYPE In Indian Society.

🗝All Punjabis are Sikhs " Then where did punjabi speaking Hindus & Muslim vanished😂"

🗝All Rajasthanis/Marwadis are Jains " Where did 85% Hindu population disappeared from Rajasthan 🤣"

🗝 UP and MP people mother tongue is onky Hindi - Then where is Braj Basha, Awadhi, Bhojpuri, Bundeli, Bagheli, Malvi, Nimadi, Gondi is spoken ?

🗝 Even though all the people of Karnataka are karnatakites but not all karnatakite people are just kannadigas" There are native Tuluvas(Bearys), Kodavas and Konkani ethnic groups too"😭.

🗝The whole Gujarati & Rajasthani communities are vegetarians " Then what does  poultry  and meat shops are doing in Gujarat and Rajasthan" 😁

🗝For Mangaloreans the whole Christian community in India speaks only konkani . " Where did the huge chunk of malayali, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada,  Khasi, Mizo, Marathi Christians disappeared"😄

🗝For rest of Indians. North Eastern people are Nepalese. " Guys you know about neighbouring country people body feature but not about  our own Indians"😅

🗝The goans mother tongue is not Portuguese  or Goanese 🤣🤣🤣 its konkani. Which is spoken from Ratnagiri of Maharashtra till kasargod of Kerala.. all along the konkan region/Coast.😆

🗝There is no village/Town named Kodagu/Coorg, Nilgiris, South/North  Kanara, Kutch, Nimad, Waynad, Ladakh etc " These are regional names which are kept to showcase the unique and different ethnicity of the place "☺

🗝All Telangana people  knows to speak Hyderabadi Urdu.  "Truth is only  Hyderabad City people and Muslim population of Telangana can only speak Hyderabadi hindi/Urdu😀

🗝All Gujaratis are Patels " then where did Rajputs, Brahmins, Khoja, Bora Muslims  go? "😂

🗝Urdu is language of Muslims " Then the Muslims whose mother tongue is malayalam, Kashmiri, Punjabi, Bengali, konkani, Kodava etc are not Muslims??"🤣

🗝Kodagu is spoken  by only Kodava community " Then  Amma kodavas, Peggade/Heggade, Kodava Mappillas plus 19 communities mother tongue is not kodava ,?? "😄

🗝The malayalis and Goans are Christians " Then where did 60 % Malayali Hindus and 75 % Goan hindus go ?? "😉

🗝. Bihari is the mother tongue of all Biharis.. " Then who speak Maithili(Bazzika, Angika dialects), Bhojpuri and Maghi/Magadhi languages "😁 ?  Bihari is regional identity and not a language.

🗝Kutchi is a dialect of Gujarati " Wheras Kutchi is more similar to neighbouring country language Sindhi than Gujarathi"😐

🗝Badagu, Tulu, Bhojpuri, Dogri, Maithili, konkani, Santhali, Himachali, Marathi doesn't have script of their own and they use Hindi script.. " 1st of all its devanagari script not hindi.. whereas Hindi doesn't have script of its own but  Tulu has Tulu(Tigalari) script, Konkani has Khandvi (goykanadi) script, Bhojpuri has Kaithi script, Maithili has Tirhuta script, Marathi has modi script, Santali has its own script called OL CHIKI etc... " 🙄

🗝still today all South Indians are called as Madrasis by some  North Indian " dude only madras people speak Tamil and we have other major languages like Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Tulu, Badagu and Kodava.. how can u call everyone as madrasi 🤣🤣:

REMOVE THIS Stereotype and know your Indian roots....

Karnataka Languages and its Dialects

 

List of languages spoken in Karnataka.

 Kannada Speaking Regions

Language : Kannada

Kannada Dialects :

1. Mysore Karnataka(South Karnataka) Kannada

2. Kalyan Karnataka(Hyderabad Karnataka) Kannada

3. Kittur Karnataka(Mumbai Karnataka) Kannada

4. Malnad/Malenadu Kannada 

5. Havyaka Kannada

6. Are Bashe Kannada

7. Kota- Kundapra Kannada

8. Sholiga /Soliga  Kannada

9. Halakki Gowda Kannada

10. Bengaluru Kannada 

11. Nadavara Kannada

12. Mangaluru/Tulunad Kannada

13. Urali

14. Holeya

15. Rabakavi

16. Hatkar Kanadi

17. Jawari Kannada

18. Aruvathoklu Kannada

19. Kurumbha Kannada

Other Languages : 

1. Sanketi

2. Aruvu

3. Lambani / Gor Banjari

5. Hakki Pikki -wagdi boli

6. Dakini urdu

Tulunad Region of Karnataka and Kerala :

Language :  Tulu 

Tulu Dialects : 

1. Shivalli Madhwa Tulu

2. Stanika/Taulava Hebbar Tulu

3. Jain Tulu

4. Koraga Tulu

5. Karkala- Hebri Tulu

6. Udupi(Odipu)- Kapu Tulu

7. Mangalore(Kudla)- Moodabidre(Bedre) Tulu

8. Bantwal - Belthangady(Bolter) Tulu

9. Puttur - Sulya Tulu

10. Kasargod(Kasrodu) Tulu

11. Mera Tulu

12. Mansa Tulu

13. Markodi/Mavilan Tulu

14.Sakleshpura-Mudigere-Koppa-Kalsa Tulu

Other Languages of Tulunad Region:

1. Koraga

2. Beary

3. Arhe Bashe Kannada

4. Havyaka kannada

5. Kundapra kannada

6. Hindu Konkani

7. Karhade Konkani

8. Chitpavani konkani

9. RSB Konkani

10. Kunbi Konkani

11. Catholic Konkani

12. Kudiya

Kodagu Region of Karnataka : 

Language : Kodava

Dialects : 

1. Mendele, which is spoken in Northern and Central Kodagu,

2. Kiggat, which is spoken in Kiggat naadu in Southern Kodagu.

Other Languages of Kodagu Region:

1. Betta Kuruba 

2. Jenu Kuruba

3. Arhe Bashe Kannada

4. Yerava

North Kanara or Konkan Region :

Language : Konkani and Kannada

Dialects of Konkani :

1. Karwar - Joida - Haliyal konkani

2. kumta - Honnavar - Bhatkal konkani

3. Nawayat konkani

4. Siddi konkani

Dialects of Kannada :

1. Havyaka Kannada

2. Halakki Gowda Kannada

3. Komarpant Hale Kannada

4. Namdhari Naik Kannada

Major Immigrant Languages of Karnataka.

1. Telugu

2. Tamil

3. Marathi

4. Malayalam

5. Rajasthani/Marwadi

6. Urdu

7. Hindi

Rajasthani Dialects and Sub Dialects

 

Rajasthani language is from Indian Aryan Language family spoken primarily in the state of Rajasthan  and adjacent areas of  Haryanva,  Punjab, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh in India. There are also Rajasthani-speakers in the Pakistani provinces of  Sindh and Punjab. The Rajasthani language is distinct from neighbouring related  Hindi languages.

There are 2 major dialects and numerous sub dialects, they are Marwadi dialects spoken in western part of Rajasthan and Dhundadi dialects spoken in eastern part of Rajasthan.

1. Marwadi Dialects 

•Godwadi

•Devadavadi

•Shekhawati

•Mewadi

•Wagdi / Vaagri

•Bagdi

•Dhatki

2. Dhundadi

•Thorawati

•Rajawati

•Nagarchol

•Khatedi

•Chorasi

• Kishangadi

• Hadouti

3. Mewati

4. Banjari / Lambani / Lambadi / Lamani / Gor / Sugali

5. Malvi

•Raangdi

•Nimadi

6. Kairadi

Other Languages of Rajasthan are 

1. Brajbasha

2. Hindi

3. Urdu

4. Gujarati

5. Punjabi

6. Sindhi

Thanks & Regards,

Know Your Roots.

✉️ knowyourroots.kyr@gmail.com

Sankranti Festival Diversity

 🌾*Makara Sankranti* - Telugu, Marathi & Odia

🌾*Happy Suggi/ Makara Sankramana* -- Kannada

🌾*Happy Kicheri* --- Bhojpuri

🌾*Makar Sankrant* -- Konkani 

🌾*Pongal* -- Tamil 

🌾*Lohri* -- Punjabi & Haryanvi

🌾*Uttarayan* -- Gujarati & Rajasthani

🌾*Happy Magh Saaji* -- Himachali

🌾*Happy Ghughuti* -- Garhwali & Kumauni

🌾*Happy Poush Sankranti* -- Bengali

🌾*Happy Magh Bihu / Bhogali Bihu* -- Assamese 

🌾*Happy Shishur Sankraat* -- Kashmiri 

🌾*Happy Makara Vilakku* -- Malayalam

🌾*Makraat* -- Magahi

🌾 Sukarat - Bundeli, Bageli, Awadhi, Brajbhasha

🌾Tila sankrait -  Maithili

🌾*Sankrāndi/Sangrāndi* - Tulu 

🌾Magha Sankranti - Nepali

🌾Maghw Domashi in Bodo

🌾SAKRAT - Santhali

🌾*Unity in Diversity*🌾

Know your  Roots

#sankranti #makarasankranti #festival #celebration #indianfestival #celebrate #sankranthi

Tulsi Vivaha / Tulsi Lagn / Tulsi Puja

 Tulsi Vivaha/Lagna/Puja

Tulsi Vivah is a very important festival in the Hindu religion. It is the ceremonial marriage of the Tulsi (Vrinda) plant (holy basil) to the Hindu god Vishnu in the guise of Shaligram or Lord Krishna. Tulsi Vivah is also called Devuthani Ekadashi. This is a very important festival as from this day onwards the auspicious marriage muhurat starts. 

Accordingto Hindu beliefs and scriptures, this day is auspicious as Lord Vishnu woke up after sleeping for four months. Tulsi is believed to be a form of Goddess Lakshmi and is also called ‘Vishnupriya’, “the beloved of Vishnu”. The legend and the story behind the Tusi Vivah are told in the Padma Purana. Tulsi Vivah is celebrated in the month of Kartik. It follows the Hariprabodhini Ekadashi. Here we have outlined the date, muhurat, and story behind the Tulsi Vivah.

TulsiVivah can be performed anytime between the eleventh lunar day of Shukla Paksha in the month of Kartik to the full moon of the month (Purnima) but is usually performed on the eleventh or twelfth lunar day, the date of the festival also varies from region to region. Tulsi holds a very prominent place in the Hindu household and women worship the plant daily. However, on Tulsi Vivah the plant is ceremonially married to Shaligram signifying the return of Lord Vishnu to Vaikuntha after his four-month rest from the kingdom of Bali. The wedding season starts after Tulsi Vivah on Prabodhini Ekadashi.

Story behind Tulsi Vivah

According to Hindu scriptures, Tulsi plant was a woman named Vrinda who was married to demon king Jalandhar. Jalandhar became invincible because of Vrinda’s piety and devotion towards Lord Vishnu. Even Lord Shiva could not destroy Jalandhara so he requested Lord Vishnu to intervene and find a solution to the ongoing battle. Lord Vishnu disguised himself as Jalandhara and tricked Vrinda in believing that he was her husband, in order to break her chastity. As a result of this Jalandhara lost his powers and was killed by Lord Shiva. Vrinda cursed Lord Vishnu that he will become black in colour and will get separated from his wife, Lakshmi. This later comes to fruition when he is transformed into the black Shaligram stone and gets separated from his wife in his Rama avatar from Sita. In the Ramayana, Sita gets abducted by Ravana and hence Rama and Sita get separated. Vrinda drowns herself and the gods transfer her soul into a plant which is given the name of tulsi. However, Lord Vishnu blesses Vrinda that in her next birth she will get to marry him, so to commemorate this event the ceremony of Tulsi Vivah is performed.

Rituals

The marriage of Tulsi with Vishnu is same as of a Hindu wedding. The ceremony is conducted in temples as well as at homes. A mandap is made for the wedding around where the tulsi plant is planted in the courtyard which is usually at the center because Tulsi is planted in the middle of the courtyard. The Tulsi plant is decked up as a bride with red dupatta, sari, nose ring and bindi. The groom is generally a brass image of Lord Vishnu or a picture and more often a black stone. The image is clothed in a dhoti. Both Vishnu and Tulsi are bathed and decked up with flowers and incense and garlands. The couple is linked together with a cotton thread (varmala) in the ceremony thus signifying the two getting betrothed.

Know How Navratri celebrated in Eastern India.

 It's that time of the year for the Bengali, Assamese, Odia, Santhali & Maithili who wake up to the `Dhak`(drum) beats every morning, following the ten-day long festival of Durga Puja. One is lost in worship, and in life and soul. A deep sense of pride and enthusiasm takes over you. You are lost in revelling the cultural bonanza attached to the customary practices of the puja.

Durga Puja is also referred to as Durgotsava, which marks the victory of Durga over the buffalo demon- Mahishasura. It symbolises the victory of good over evil. It refers to all the six days observed as Mahalaya, Shashthi, Maha Saptami, Maha Ashtami, Maha Nabami and Vijayadashami.

The worship of goddess Durga takes place on a grand scale for the people belonging to the eastern part of the country, and you have to witness it to understand the magnitude of this festival.

Mother Durga represents 'shakti', the feminine force which guides us and destroys all the evil from earth. The celebration of Durga Puja is culturally significant and holds emotional value for the people of East India & adjoining areas.

Durga Puja is also about the annual visit of goddess Durga with her children to her ancestral home on earth, and her reunion with Shiva on Vijayadashami i.e, the last day of the Navratri. She is the destroyer of all evil and and embodiment of power.

Throughout the 6 days of this festival, the cities transform and show cultural mileu. Pandals are set up in all the nooks and corner of city, wherever possible. The idols are creatively crafted by the potters, out of clay and the life-size idols of Durga along with her children are installed in the pandals.

Community puja or `Sarbojanin` puja, take up the role of organising the puja in their locality by housing idols in pandals and make-shift temples, each community trying to outdo the other, competing in decoration, themes celebration, food, drink and of course the rituals. The themes again are not ordinary, they keep evolving over the years (animated theme, Harry Potter, Cave, Rocket theme, Space and so 
The five-day worship of the goddess ends with a grand procession of immersing the idol in the nearby river. This marks an emotional moment, as she leaves her home to reunite with Shiva, marked by Vijayadashami. This indicates Durga's victory over the evil and in Northern part of the country, it is known as Dusherra which marks Rama's victory over the demon Ravana.

During the five-day celebration, devotees abstain from alcohol, meat, onions, and wheat. This is something similar to people observing fasts during the Navratras.

The end of Navratri calls for an auspicious time for new business or considered lucky for any new work, following a number of rituals which leads to `Shubho Bijoya`. 

After the last day of the Navratri, known as `Vijaydashami`, where idols are taken in grand procession for the immersion-`bhaashan`, Hindu Bengali exchange greetings for a prosperous year and take blessings from elders.

The last day has an emotional significance, as it is always difficult to bid farewell to Maa Durga, after the week long grand celebration and worship.

With Durga Puja just round the corner, lets join in and chant 'Bolo Durga Mai ki Jai'!

BHOJPURI Language and Dialects

 Bhojpuri

Swagat ba (स्वागत बा) Welcome
Bhojpuri, also known as Bajpuri, Bhojapuri, Bhozpuri, Bihari, Deswali, Khotla, and Piscimas, is a member of the Bihari group of the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family. Its closest relatives are Magahi and Maithili. Bhojpuri is a direct descendant of Sanskrit but there is very little information about its early history due to the absence of written records. Although Bhojpuri is not one of the established literary languages of India, it has a strong tradition of oral literature.

Status
Due to a long history of emigration from the region, Bhojpuri has spread over all continents of the world.

Bihar mapIndia
Bhojpuri is spoken by 37.8 million people in India, primarily in the western part of the state of Bihar and eastern part of the state of Uttar Pradesh and some adjoining areas of  Madhya Pradesh (Ethnologue). Currently it is not an official language, but the government of India is considering changing its status to that of a national scheduled language. Despite its unofficial status, Bhojpuri is used in government and mass media.
Nepal
In Nepal, Bhojpuri is spoken by 1.7 million as a first language plus by another 74,000 as a second-language.
Mauritius
Bhojpuri is spoken by 336,000 people in Mauritius but Hindi is used in schools and in the media.
Elsewhere
Variants of Bhojpuri are spoken by descendants of Bhojpuri-speaking plantation workers in Guyana, Suriname, Fiji, Trinidad and Tobago.


Dialects
Top
Ethnologue identifies four major dialects of Bhojpuri which are mutually intelligible. Although the full range of variation is not firmly established, the differences among the dialects appear to be primarily lexical and phonological.

Northern Standard considered to be the most prestigious dialect of the language
Western Standard
Southern Standard
Nagpuria


Structure
Top
Sound system
Bhojpuri syllables can begin and end in consonants. Consonant clusters occur in final positions only. It is also possible to have two vowels in a row.

Vowels
Bhojpuri has six vowel phonemes, i.e., sounds that differentiate word meaning.

Consonants
The Bhojpuri sound system contains 34 consonant phonemes, depending on the variety analyzed. Most consonants can be geminated (doubled). There is a contrast between aspirated vs. unaspirated consonants. Aspirated consonants are produced with a strong puff of air. In the table above, aspirated consonants are marked by a raised [ʰ]. There is a contrast between and apical vs. retroflex consonants, e.g., /t/ – /ʈ/, /d/ – /ɖ/. Apical consonants are produced with the tip of the tongue touching the roof of the mouth, whereas retroflex consonants are produced with the tongue curled, so that its underside comes in contact with the roof of the mouth.


Stress
Stress in Bhojpuri does not distinguish word meaning. Primary stress usually falls on the penultimate (one before last) syllable in two-syllable words and antepenultimate syllable in longer words.

Grammar
The grammar of Bhojpuri is similar to that of other Indo-Aryan languages. Grammatical relations are marked by inflectional suffixes. Bhojpuri morphology is fusional with a single ending representing several categories, which is typical of Indo-European languages.

Nouns, adjectives, and pronouns
Nouns in Bhojpuri are inflected for the following categories:

number: singular and plural
gender: masculine and feminine (for animate nouns only)
case: direct, oblique, and vocative; the direct case is used to mark subjects of sentences; the oblique case is used in pronouns with postpositions;
Adjectives are not marked for agreement with nouns.
2nd and 3rd person pronouns are marked for several degrees of politeness.
3rd person and demonstrative pronouns are distinguished by degrees of proximity.


Verbs
Verbs agree with their subjects in person, number and gender. Verbal categories include the following:

The typical structure of Bhojpuri verbs is Stem + Aspect/Tense + Personal ending which represents a combination of person and degree of politeness.
Subject pronouns are frequently dropped.
There are three persons: 1st, 2nd, 3rd.
There are three tenses: present, past, future.
There are two aspects: imperfective and perfective.
There are three moods: indicative, imperative, optative.
Bhojpuri verbs mark 1st, 2nd and 3rd person in imperatives.
There are two voices: active and passive.
Negation is marked by a negative particle placed before the verb.


Word order
The normal word order in Bhojpuri is Subject – Object – Verb. Indirect objects precede direct objects. Determiners and modifiers precede the nouns they modify.

Vocabulary
The basic vocabulary of Bhojpuri is Sanskrit in origin. It uses prefixes and suffixes to derive words from basic elements, as well as reduplication and compounding. Over the years Bhojpuri has borrowed words from Hindi, Bengali, and other neighboring Indo-Aryan languages, as well as from English.

Below are a few basic words and phrases in Bhojpuri.

Hello prannam, प्रणाम
Excuse me. maf kara, माफ करा
Thank you.  dhanyavad, धन्यवाद
Father babuji, बाबुजी
Mother माई (mayee),  महतारी
Boy laika, लइका
Girl laiki, लइकी
Brother bhai, भाई
Sister  bahin, बहिन


Writing
Bhojpuri is written in the Kaithi script which is widely used throughout North India, primarily in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Like other Indic scripts, Kaithi is a descendant of the Brahmi script. Kaithi script derives its name from the word Kayastha, one of the social groups of North India. The script can be traced back to the 16th century. It was widely used during the Mughal Empire. Today, the Kaithi script is being replaced by Devanagari.

Kaithi has 35 consonant letters, each letter representing a consonant with an inherent vowel /a/. Other vowels are represented by a variety of diacritics around the consonant. There are also 10 letters representing separate vowels. Geminated consonants and long vowels are represented by different letters than their single counterparts..

Take a look at Article 2 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Bhojpuri. Note that the letters are suspended from a continuous top line.

Know Brahmin Sects of India.

 

Know your Brahmin Sects of India.

💠Sankethi:

1.      Sankethi Brahmins

💠Badugu (Badaga) :

1.      Haaruvaru

💠Kannada:

1.       Babburkamme
2.       Uchalkamme
3.       Badaganadu
4.       Hoysala Karnataka
5.       Hebbar Iyengar
6.       Havyaka
7.       Kandavara
8.       Panchagrama
9.       Kota
10.     Koteshwara
11.     Shivalli Smartha
12.     Kannada Smarta
13.     Kannada Madhwa

14.     Halenadu Karnataka Brahmins

💠Konkani:

1.       Goud Saraswat
2.       Chitrapur Saraswats
3.       Rajapur Saraswat
4.       Kudaldeshkar Adya gaud
5.       Konkanastha Chitpavan
6.       Karhade/Karada
7.       Padye
8.       Bhatt Prabhu

💠Tulu:

1.       Shivalli Madhwa
2.       Sthanika
3.       Taulava Hebbars

💠Kodava:

1.       Amma Kodavas

💠Tamil:

1.       Iyers
2.       Iyengars
3.       Gurukkals

💠Telugu:

1.       Vaidikis
2.       Niyogis
3.       Dravidas

4.      Telugu Madhwas

5.       Mulkunaadu 

💠Malayalam:

1. Namboodaris - Smartha

2. Pushpaka Unni 

3. Nambeesan

4. Nambidi

5. Moothath (Moosad),

6. Ilayath

7. Chakyar

8. Nambiar

💠Marathi:

1. Devrukhe

2. Marathi Madhwas

3. Deshastha Rigvedi Brahmins  

4. Deshastha Yajurvedi Madhyandina

5. Deshastha Kannavas Brahmins 

💠Gujarati:

1.       Anavil
2.       Bardai
3.       Gauda
4.       Girnara
5.       Nagar Brahmin
6.       Sidhra-Rudhra
7.       Sompura
8.       Vadadra
9 .      Audichya 

💠Rajasthani:

1.       Aboti Brahmin
2.       Bias Brahmin
3.       Dadheech Brahmins
4.       Gauda
5.       Hussaini Brahmin
6.       Sanadhya Brahmin
7.       Shrimali Brahmins

💠Punjabi:

1.       Punjabi saraswats

💠Himachali:

1.       Pahari saraswats

💠Garhwali/Kumauni:

1.      Bahuguna
2.      Barthwal
3.      Chandola
4.      Gairola
5.      Gangari Brahmin
6.      Hatwal
7.      Naudiyal
8.      Painuli
9.      Sarola Brahmin
10.    Uniyal
11.     Upreti

💠Kashmiri:

1.       Kashmiri pandits

💠Dogri:

1.        Dogri Saraswats

💠Odia:

1.       Shrauta/Vaidika (Danua)
2.       Sevayata/Purohita Brahmin             or Sarua brahmin 
3.       Halua Brahmin

4 .     Sasani (Puri Brahmin)

💠Bengali:

1.       Rādhi
2.       Varendra
3.       Vaidika
4.       Paschatya Vaidika
5.       Dakshinatya Vaidika
6.       Madhya Sreni
7.       Rudraja
8.       Shakdvipi
9.       Grahavipra
10.     Saptaśati

💠Assamese:

1.       Ganaks
2.        Kamrupi Brahmins

💠Maithili:

1.       Bachasnai 
2.       Chhandog

💠Chattisgarhi:
1.       Saryupareen Brahmins

💠Bihari(Bhojpuri/Maghi):

1.     Kanyakubja Brahmins
2.     Saryupareen Brahmins
3.     Bhumihar Brahmins
4.     Bhatt brahmins 
5.     Sakaldiwiya Brahmins
6.     Shakdwipi Brahmins

💠Hindi - Uttar Pradesh:

1.      Ahiwasi
2.      Belwar
3.      Bias Brahmin
4.      Gangaputra Brahmin
5.      Golapurab Brahmin
6.      Jujhautiya Brahmin
7.      Kanyakubja Brahmin
8.      Kattaha Brahmin
9.      Malviya Brahmin
10.    Nagar Brahmin
11.     Radha 
12.     Sakaldwipiya

💠Hindi - Madhya Pradesh

1.       Ahiwasi
2.       Gauda Brahmins
3.       Golapurab Brahmin
4.       Jujhautiya Brahmin
5.        Malviya Brahmin
6.        Nagar Brahmin
7.        Naramdev Brahmin
8.        Sanadhya Brahmin
9.        Sanadhya Brahmin

Thanks & Regards,

Know Your Roots.

✉️ knowyourroots.kyr@gmail.com

Indian Folk dances state wise

                                   

India is a land of diversities. Various climatic conditions have made India a diverse country. In all spheres of Indian life diversities are clearly visible. These diversities have made the Indian culture a unique one. Like all other aspects of life, the dance forms of India are also varied and different. There are many types of dance forms in India, from those which are deeply religious in content to those which are performed on small occasions. 

The Indian dances are broadly divided into Classical dances and folk dances. The Classical dances of India are usually spiritual in content. Though the folk dances of India are also spiritual and religious in content but the main force behind the folk dances of India is the celebratory mood. Dances are a form of coherent expression of human feelings. Like the Indian culture, Indian classical dances are equally diverse in nature. There are numerous classical dance forms in India and innumerable folk dances. Each dance form can be traced to different parts of the country. Each form represents the culture and ethos of a particular region or a group of people 

In ancient India, there were no dedicated auditorium halls or theaters, and dance was usually a functional activity dedicated to worship, entertainment or leisure. Dancers usually performed in temples, on festive occasions and seasonal harvests. Dance was performed on a regular basis before deities as a form of worship. Even in modern India, deities are invoked through religious folk dance forms from ancient times

 Indian States and their Folk dances:

1. Andhra Pradesh:  Ghantamardala, Kolattam, Veedhi-Bhagavatham

2. Arunachal Pradesh : 

Bardo chham

3. Assam : 

Bihu, Oja pali, Bagurumba, Ali ali ligang, jumur Nach

4. Bihar : 

Jata-jatin, Bidesia, Purbi, Faguna

5. Chhatisgarh : 

Panthi, Raut Nacha

6. Gujarat : 

Garba, Dandiya Ras, Tippani juriun, Bhaval, Padhar, Rasila

7. Haryana : 

Swang

8. Himachal Pradesh : 

Luddi dance, Munzra,Kinnauri Nati,Namgen

9. Jammu and Kashmir : 

Hikat, Rauf, Chakri, Dumhal

10. Karnataka : 

Yakshagana, Suggi, Bayalata, Dollu Kunita, Veeragase, Kaamsaale, Huli Vesha kunitha, Pooja kunitha, Krishna Paarijatha, Devara thatte kunitha, suggi kunitha, pata kunitha, Gorava kunitha

11. Kerala : 

Ottam Thulal,Kaikottikalai, Padayani

12. Madhya Pradesh : 

Tertali, Charkula, Jawara, Matki dance, Phulpatti dance, Grida dance, Maanch

13. Maharashtra : 

Tamasha, Lavani, Dahi Kala, Lezim, Pavri Nach, koli

14. Manipur : 

Maha Rasa, Lai Haroba, Thang ta, Dhol Cholom

15. Mizoram : 

Chiraw (Bamboo Dance )

16. Odisha : 

Bhaka Wata, Danda nata, Gumura Dance,Ruk Mar Nacha, Gotipua, Nacni, Baagh naach, Dalkhai, Dhap, Karma, Naach, Keisabadi Dasakathia, 

17. Punjab : 

Bhangra, Gidda, Jhumar, Karthi, Sammi, Malwai Giddha, Kikkli, Dandass, Ludi, jindua

18. Rajasthan: Ghoomar, Kalbelia, Kayal, Julan Leela, Chamar gindad, Bhavai, Tere tali, Chirami, gair

19. Tamil Nadu : 

Devarattam, Kummi, Puliyattam, Kaman Pandigai, Kolattam, Karagam, Mayli Attam, Paampu attam, oyilattam, Poikal Kudlrai Attam, Bommalattam, Theru Koothu, Selambatam, Paraiattam

20. Uttar Pradesh: 

Nautanki, Kajri

21. West Bengal: 

Chau, Jatra, Kathi, Gambhira, Kalikapatadi, nacni, Alkap, Domni

22. Goa: 

Mando, koli

23. Lakshadweep: - 

Lava

24. Nagaland: - 

Chang Lo or Sua lua

25. Pondicherry: - 

Garadi

26. Sikkim: - 

Singhi Chham

27. Tripura: - 

Hojagiri